caused by drowsy driving At the other end, 4.8% of participants with ES reported a sleep duration of at least 9 hours (1.3% of the sample). bP =.008. Conceptual and operational definitions of the Defining Characteristics of the Nursing Diagnosis, MeSH Poudel, G. R., Innes, C. R., Bones, P. J., Watts, R., & Jones, R. D. (2014). Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies , so a persistent lack of sleep creates significant risks to physical and mental health: Given these diverse and important impacts of sleep deprivation, it comes as no surprise that studies have found insufficient sleep to be tied with a Cappuccio, F. P., DElia, L., Strazzullo, P., & Miller, M. A. Vernet C, Leu-Semenescu S, Buzare MA, Arnulf I. Subjective symptoms in idiopathic hypersomnia: beyond excessive sleepiness. National Library of Medicine, Biotech Information Respondents with insomnia disorder, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, restless legs syndrome, or circadian rhythm sleep disorders were more likely to have a positive diagnosis of hypersomnia disorder. For example, a person who decides to stay up late to binge-watch a TV series may experience acute sleep deprivation. Websleep disorder called behaviorally induced insufficient sleep syndrome. When the frequency of symptoms was set at 3 or more days per week for at least 3 months despite a main sleep period lasting at least 7 hours (criterion B), the prevalence dropped to 4.7% of the sample (95% CI, 4.4%5.0%). WebAn alternate denominator, duration of the sleep episode (DSE), is suggested, where DSE = sleep onset latency (SOL) + TST + time awake after initial sleep onset but before the 2012;35(6):727734. eCollection 2021. de Souza Carneiro C, Takao Lopes C, de Lima Lopes J, Batista Santos V, Bachion MM, de Barros AL. 2012 Jan; 69(1): 7179. (2015). People with excessive daytime sleepiness may feel drowsy and have a hard time staying awake even when they need to. While both insomnia and sleep deprivation involve failing to get enough sleep, many experts in sleep science make a distinction between them. Thorpy MJ chairman, editor. For example, sleep apnea, a breathing disorder that induces dozens of nightly awakenings, may hinder both sleep duration and quality. Accessibility Arch Gen Psychiatry. For differential diagnosis (D), hypersomnia is not better accounted for or does not occur exclusively during the course of another sleep disorder. Reported differences were significant at P.05. Grandner, M. A., Alfonso-Miller, P., Fernandez-Mendoza, J., Shetty, S., Shenoy, S., & Combs, D. (2016). Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty with falling asleep, staying asleep, or both. sleep deficiency or sleep insufficiency The effects of sleep deprivation and sleep deficiency can be serious and far-reaching. Funding/Support: This study was supported by National Institutes of Health grant R01NS044199 and by a grant from and developed in theory with Cephalon, Inc. Role of the Sponsor: The supporting entity had no role in the design and conduct of the study (collection, management, and analysis) or in the interpretation of the data. The primary signs and symptoms of sleep deprivation include excessive daytime sleepiness and daytime impairment such as reduced concentration, slower thinking, and mood changes. The National Center for Biotechnology Information advances science and health by providing access to biomedical and genomic information. At the threshold (criterion B) and at the positive diagnostic levels, sex, education, and race/ethnicity were no longer significant. Interestingly, multiple episodes of sleepiness within the same day were reported by half the individuals reporting ES. Hafner, M., Stepanek, M., Taylor, J., Troxel, W. M., & van Stolk, C. (2017). Method: Interestingly, the ICSD-2 also uses 3 months as a diagnostic criterion. Effects of poor and short sleep on glucose metabolism and obesity risk. Interviews took place between June 2003 and November 2009. Billiard M, Dauvilliers Y. Idiopathic hypersomnia. With the DSM-IV definition, which used only excessive quantity of sleep, we would have a prevalence of 0.5% for hypersomnia disorder. Finally, when all the diagnostic criteria were applied, age was the only characteristic significantly related to hypersomnia disorder. Feeling extremely tired during the day is one of the hallmark signs of sleep deprivation. Trusted Source Just as in previous clinical samples, in our study the disorder affects men and women equally but is more prevalent among younger rather than older individuals. healthcare costs The National Center for Biotechnology Information advances science and health by providing access to biomedical and genomic information. Another observation contributed by this study concerns the duration criterion: 3 months of ES is more clinically relevant than 1 month. Would you like email updates of new search results? National sleep foundations updated sleep duration recommendation: final report. The most common coexisting conditions were mood and substance use disorders. Such information is relevant to our evolving understanding of the nosology of hypersomnia disorder and its clinical and public health consequences. Approximately half the sample (53.5%) were married (or living with a domestic partner), 28.7% were single, 10% were divorced/separated, and 7.8% were widowers. Dr. Dimitriu is the founder of Menlo Park Psychiatry and Sleep Medicine. (2019, August 13). Source publication Sleep Characteristics of Family Caregivers of Individuals With a Martikainen K, Hasan J, Urponen H, Vuori I, Partinen M. Daytime sleepiness: a risk factor in community life. Excessive sleepiness and fatigue are difficult to differentiate and may overlap considerably. However, some people Again, there is no comparison point with other epidemiologic studies. This pattern appears to be a stronger indicator of a hypersomnia disorder, especially when sleep duration is within a normal range. Diabetes care, 33(2), 414420. Accessibility Definition of sleep. 1 : the natural, easily reversible periodic state of many living things that is marked by the absence of wakefulness and by the loss of consciousness of one's surroundings, is accompanied by a typical body posture (such as lying down with the eyes closed), the occurrence of dreaming, and changes in brain activity Our data also indicate that ES was frequently reported when nocturnal sleep duration fell below the normal length of 7 hours,15 suggesting the presence of another type of sleep disorder, such as insomnia or insufficient sleep. Carskadon MA, Dement WC, Mitler MM, Roth T, Westbrook PR, Keenan S. Guidelines for the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT): a standard measure of sleepiness. Kim, T. W., Jeong, J. H., & Hong, S. C. (2015). Each guide and article includes a comprehensive bibliography with full citations and links to the original sources. Our measurement approach encompasses ICSD-21 diagnoses of idiopathic hypersomnia with long sleep time and idiopathic hypersomnia without long sleep time. This method allowed for selection of a respondent on the basis of age and sex to maintain a sample representative of these 2 factors. This software and its questionnaire were designed by one of the authors (M.M.O.) The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Based on information from Lee, 2003. Sleep is the foundation on which However, approximately 80% of individuals with hypersomnia disorder report their sleep as being nonrestorative, and just as many have difficulties awakening in the morning. Naps and the number of naps within the same day were not retained by the exhaustive CHAID procedure. An insomnia diagnosis requires these sleep troubles to also cause daytime impairments, such as sleepiness or difficulty concentrating. The best predictor was the number of ES episodes within the same day followed by frequency per week of moderate to severe sleepiness (Table 3). Conceptual and operational definitions of the components of the nursing diagnosis Acute Pain (00132). Thus, evaluation of the patient with ES needs to consider these important comorbid sources of disability in addition to sleep disorders, such as hypersomnia, breathing-related sleep disorder, insomnia disorder, and narcolepsy/hypocretin deficiency. Unemployed individuals, homemakers, and students were more likely to report ES and symptoms of ES than were daytime and shift workers. ES indicates excessive sleepiness. Although some concepts, like height or age, are easily measured, others, The National Center for Biotechnology Information advances science and health by providing access to biomedical and genomic information. Trusted Source Nature reviews. At the diagnostic level, this study used new criteria, encompassing an excessive quantity of sleep and quality of wakefulness to determine the prevalence of hypersomnia disorder in the general population. Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology, 463(1), 121137. to conduct epidemiologic studies in the general population. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Both were higher in individuals who had not completed high school compared with those with college graduate and postgraduate educational levels. Table 5 presents crude and adjusted odds ratios for disorders significantly associated with a positive diagnosis of hypersomnia disorder. The medicines, known as anesthetics, are given before and during surgery or other medical procedures. As a consequence, the prevalence of hypersomnia disorder was probably underestimated. In multivariate models, the number of ES episodes per day and severity of ES were identified as the best predictors for impairment/distress. Doctors can often diagnose sleep deprivation by discussing a patients symptoms and sleep patterns. Our findings support our initial assumption that daytime wakefulness difficulties occurring with a normal sleep duration are a good indicator, increasing the prevalence of hypersomnia disorder. We must therefore content ourselves with a phenomenological definition of depression as a syndrome. The gray literature was also included. Many people get insufficient sleep because they accept sleep deprivation as normal. National Library of Medicine, Biotech Information Excessive sleepiness has to be recognized and given attention by public health authorities, scientists, and clinicians. Confusional arousal is often associated with hypersomnia disorder; individuals with this disorder report difficulties in a wakening in the morning, disorientation, and confusion.20,21. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention., Retrieved October 20, 2020, from, Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Sleep Medicine and Research. The most important predictor was the number of ES episodes within the same day, with a threshold of at least 2 episodes within the same day strongly predicting impairment/distress. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free! National Center for Biotechnology Information, Best Anti-Snoring Mouthpieces & Mouthguards, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30452725/, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29073412/, https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/sleep-deprivation-and-deficiency, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23008180/, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1389945716301368, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22942500/, https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/public-education/brain-basics/brain-basics-understanding-sleep, https://journals.lww.com/co-cardiology/Abstract/2016/09000/Sleep__important_considerations_for_the_prevention.12.aspx, https://www.nature.com/articles/nrendo.2009.23, https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms3259, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00424-011-1044-0, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25861266/, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28928187/, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19910503/, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22709334/, https://www.cdc.gov/sleep/about_sleep/drowsy_driving.html, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK19958/, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28983434/, Link Between Sleep Apnea and Heart Disease. We used logistic regression models to assess the associations between the positive diagnosis of hypersomnia disorder (criteria A, B, and C) and other sleep, psychiatric, and medical disorders (using DSM-IV-TR classifications for psychiatric disorders and International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, for medical disorders). Your doctor can assess your situation and recommend treatment that best suits your needs. Students represented 6.4% of the participants; 4% were unemployed and 13.2% were homemakers. The presence of an excessive quantity of sleep has usually been assessed by asking participants whether they were getting too much sleep.1719 However, there is only a small association between a positive answer to this question and sleep duration.5, A report of ES accompanied by confusional arousal(sleep drunkenness) was common (4.4%) in our sample. Falling asleep easily and almost everywhere, period(s) of sudden and uncontrollable sleep, or feeling sleepy or drowsy during past month, Frequency (<1, 12, 34, 56 d/wk; daily), Frequency in a day (<1, 23, 45, >5 times/d), Last episode occurrence (past 24 h, past week, past month, past year, >1 y), Timing of occurrence (morning, after meals, afternoon, evening), Situation/environment occurrence: at work, during daily activities, at school, with friends or relatives, during conversation, in quiet situations (watching TV, reading, relaxing), as a car passenger, as a driver, in public transportation, Evolution of sleepiness since it first appeared (decreased, increased, no change), Effect of ES on social and occupational functioning (each of 10 questions answered on a graduated scale: not at all, mild, moderate, severe, very severe), Frequency in a week, in a day (same answer choices as for ES), Duration of naps (<15, 1530, 3045, 4560, >60 min), Mean total sleep duration in a 24-h period, taking into account napping, Whether napping affects ability to fall asleep easily at night, Duration of main sleep period in past year, Confusional arousal in past month (sleep drunkenness): frequency in a week and duration, Hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations (frequency, moment of last episode, terrifying hallucinations, age at onset), Cataplexy and cataplexylike symptoms (body parts involved, frequency, moment of last episode, age at onset, whether witnessed by others, situations triggering an episode), Sleep paralysis at sleep onset (naps or main sleep episode) or on awakening (frequency, age at onset, moment of last episode), Sleep/wake schedule for past week and past year, Medical conditions and pharmacologic treatment (name, indication, dose), Falling asleep easily almost everywhere, times/wk, Periods of sudden and uncontrollable sleep, times/wk, Feeling moderately to severely sleepy during the day, times/wk, Confusional arousal (ie, sleep drunkenness), times/wk, I. 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