When does spring start? I also keep alive the old tales handed down by my daddy, my granddaddy and several granddaddies before them, all right fine storytellers, said Collins, known far and wide as Mountain Mama. She is 5-foot-2 and tips the scale at more than 200. Welcome to my holler. On our way back from an interview with our community contact Madison Donohue, we were thinking about the main theme of our project. When autocomplete results are available use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. Sylvia OBrion, 76, sat beside an oil lamp and wood-burning stove in her clapboard cabin on the sub-zero night, strumming her banjo and singing: This is my home where the bobcats holler and the wild deer roam.. Hazard, Kentucky. Completion Date: October 30, 2018. Director. Then he took the picture. We publish articles grounded in peer-reviewed research and provide free access to that research for all of our readers. I guess I dont see the point of freezing yourself in time, says Christopher Holbrook, the baby in his mothers arms in Home Funeral and now a dimpled 20-year-old in dusty jeans. And thats a difficult definition, separating an Appalachian underclass from the rest of the country with negative epithets like hillbilly, white trash, and redneck. These labels have often been reclaimed and worn as a badge of local pride, yet are no closer to the full story. "Their lives are different but not necessarily less complicated than ours," he says. A "holler" is a small valley nestled between hills/mountains. Alongside her older brother, Ruth Avery joins a dangerous scrap metal crew in order to pay her way. Most of the states nearly 2 million people live in narrow mountain valleys called hollers. Michael Montgomery and others have used grammatical evidence, which is generally slower to change than pronunciations, to track Appalachian speech back to their origins from the predominantly Scots-Irish immigrants that settled in the area, along with others. Free shipping for many products! On display are quilts, woodwork, arts and crafts by West Virginia artisans created in the style and manner of the past. 174-179, North Carolina Office of Archives and History, The Georgia Review, Vol. Abcarian: Mask mandates? The visits started well before he was a photographer. We started becoming inundated with photographs of broken-down cars and rail-thin kids out gathering coal by hand. They are the best talkers God ever put on earth. document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); JSTOR Daily provides context for current events using scholarship found in JSTOR, a digital library of academic journals, books, and other material. Photograph by Andrea Morales, Turkey hunters near Keysers Ridge in Garrett County, Maryland. I have three kids at home and one in college. This film tells the tale of a close-knit Appalachian family that has changed little in the last 100 years. European and African settlers to the Appalachian region often used similar methods of farming and clearing the land as Native Americans had done before them. the many grammatical changes from the standard dialect, track Appalachian speech back to their origins from the predominantly Scots-Irish immigrants that settled in the area, a frustrating cultural cipher in more ways than one, if youre poor, white and rural, you must be in Appalachia, hillbilly, white trash, and redneck., socially stigmatized as ignorant and uneducated for using incorrect English, its speakers hold fiercely to their own language despite the social repercussions, Appalachian cultural and linguistic diversity through immigration in and out of the area, a monoculture myth that dismisses other minority communities, a sense of place and of home seem particularly important, illegal to discriminate against someone of Appalachian origin, missing many other distinctive features of those dialects, major influences on how southern speech developed into its own distinctive dialect, JournaloftheAppalachianStudiesAssociation, On the Linguistic Study of Appalachian Speech, On the Use of Dialect as Evidence: "Albion's Seed" in Appalachia, The Southern Mountaineers' Archaic English, Dialect As a Deterrent to Cultural Stripping: Why Appalachian Migrants Continue to Talk That Talk, The Relationship of White Southern Speech to Vernacular Black English. For Appalachians, a sense of place and of home seem particularly important, yet from the 1940s to 1960s, an estimated seven million immigrated north into urban areas in search of work, only to be met with widespread prejudice against any Appalachian-speaking mountain speech. I think some of those are celebrated and some of them may have been true at a specific point in time or in a specific place. The new show, entitled "Appalachian Holler Hunters," is the brainchild of Christian Gardner and features local hunters, including Matthew McKinney, Shane Poore, Mitch Hoilman and others. The massive road-building projects throughout the state in the 1960s and early 1970s have reduced the isolation and afford easy access now to most rural areas. The Murfree is (partly) based on a 1700 (18th century) scottish group of inbreds living in the highlands. 1939 Hall Coll (Saunook NC) He run me over a ridge and down the holler and over a ridge and down another holler to the river. Womenfolk bring covered dishes for a potluck. 1956 Fink That's Why 3 Our hollow is very nearly the counterpart of the small canyon or arroyo of the West. Man, boy, and two dogs on porch in rural Kentucky, ca. Mamaw was laid out in her own home. I dont understand it. Her banjo is made from a 1935 Buick transmission. This is the only Looneyville in the United States. Here we are in the middle of a culture that needed to be dealt with and nobody was doing anything about it, said Randolph. He sold it to me, set it up, and its been a-workin right smart ever since. That kind of emotional attachment to Appalachia and its people sparks the passion Fugate and Hamilton bring to "Holler Back!," a podcast run by two Appalachian Studies minors in the College of Arts & Sciences at the University of Kentucky. Adams began photographing her again. This is a lost-age preservation concept.. How did this mountain lion reach an uninhabited island? 3, SOUTHERN APPALACHIA AND THE SOUTH: A REGION WITHIN A REGION (1991), pp. Her relaxed smile expresses that this was a time for her to sit & contemplate while practicing her favorite skill. Adams says hes capturing a fading culturehome wakes, for instance, are now less common in the mountainsand the faces of old friends. "Holler" is our regional pronunciation of "hollow" in Central and Southern Appalachia. Theyre drive-by style. To say that would be a huge disservice to the truth. You may occasionally receive promotional content from the Los Angeles Times. It's the depth of having real relationships.". Advertisement. How few smiles there are. West Virginia is sprinkled with quaint hamlets with equally quaint names, such as Looneyville in Roane County, population 500. Until last March 31, there was Romance in West Virginia. Breathitt County, Kentucky. On the steps of a schoolhouse with his dog on South Fork of Kentucky River. This matters not just because its a more complete telling of the Appalachian tale, but because in the present political climate, white supremacy and bigotry are growing contemporary problems. It attracts the likes of Basil Blake, 71, Brag Run dulcimer maker, who favors eating groundhog much more than chicken. Shelves at Boulder Mercantile are jammed with canned goods, dry cereals, household items, chicken feed, sheep dip, hog worm powder . ROGER: I said in a radio interview that my favorite emails were the ones that started with, Im not a professional photographer, but heres a picture of my great uncles 90th birthday. Or, I dont have a website. It vanished after more than a century. True False x Shelby Lee Adams' photography has been published in four monographs - Appalachian Portraits (1993), Appalachian Legacy . In fact, Adams has spent some 30 years visiting and building relationships with the people in and around Hazard, a small city in eastern Kentucky where he was born. A subscription costs $10 a year. Texie Letha Baldwin, 77, and her sister, Thelma Cole, 71, have lived up Tommy Run ( run in West Virginia means creek) in Odd, all their lives. Sally Creech, more affectionately known as "Aunt Sal" spinning wool at her wheel. From the first actora manto play Juliet to the girl boss version on Broadway, Shakespeares young lover offers something new in every iteration. And then it suddenly hit us - What is the Appalachian understory? Appalachian Journal, Vol. One company, Ole Smoky, bases their liquor on traditional Appalachian 'shine and is one of the larger employers in Gatlinburg. Heres why each season begins twice. No granddaughter loved her grandmother more. Dialectical Survivals in the Ozarks, I. Eind sits north-east of the cross point of the Blies and the left side tributary to it, the Schwarzbach.The village is located in the southern part of Homburg at the eastern border of Saarpfalz-Kreis at the south-eastern border of the State of Saarland.To the southeast, Eind borders with the town of Zweibrcken in the State of Rhineland-Palatinate. Then one summer an uncle, a country doctor, introduced him to some of the most isolated mountain families. Whether it's hillbilly hooch, hillbilly hot dogs or hillbilly mascots, there's probably no other cultural trope that's so widely and derisively employed as hillbilly, a term broadly used to refer. Guests paid their respects to the dead, then went into another room for sandwiches, coffee and a long visit. English (southern): topographic name for a 'dweller in a hollow', from hol + man (Old English holh + mann).Compare Holler and Hole . So the theory of the poor, white, rural Appalachian mountain men going it alone, preserving a pure and unchanging strain of archaic British English, isolated in a hardscrabble place far from civilization, could not be further from the truth. If people think of Appalachia theyre thinking the Appalachian region or the Appalachian mountains, and theres some overlap there because obviously the mountains run through Appalachia. Sylvia O'Brion, 76, sat beside an oil lamp and wood-burning stove in her clapboard cabin on the sub-zero night, strumming her . One of the most notable scenes from the film has had incredible. . Its Friday nights in Boulder, population 17 families, tucked in a backwoods mountain valley. 198-208, Chi Luu is a peripatetic linguist who speaks Australian English and studies dead languages. On the morning of February 26, 1972, the failure of three coal slurry dams let loose a tidal wave of destruction upon the Buffalo Creek hollow in Logan county, West Virginia. Country of Filming: United States. BECKY: And what about how actual residents view the region? Or something else altogether? Until we understand our own darkness, we wont understand our beauty.. Later to become part of Historic Goose House. Reckon we better git on into the house, its right airish out. Language lovers may marvel at this unique linguistic quilt, a thing of threads and patches, that extends across a region that often seems to have little else going for it. Here she races at Crossville Raceway in Cumberland County, Tennessee Photograph. What is wind chill, and how does it affect your body? Collins, like Sylvia OBrion, lives in a log cabin in an isolated holler but she has all the modern conveniences. Photograph by Stephen Speranza, Explorer scouts raise money for their group by organizing an annual garage sale in a vacant grocery store in Athens, Bradford County, Pennsylvania. You may go somewhere and someone's grandma is lying on the bed dying. 8 minutes. So it made sense to put out an open call for work from anyone who was making pictures in one of the 420 counties in 2014. Its one of the ways Appalachian communities show solidarity and belonging. She watches him most afternoons while his mom takes nursing classes. But Im set in my ways. Its of course a myth that is still being repeated by many to this day. Writing off a region is easy. Many people now living in the Appalachian Mountains are descendants of Scot-Irish who immigrated to America in the 1700s. The West Virginia Cultural Center is a focal point and repository of the states rich cultural resources. Two years later, in 1989, The Draggers put out a cassette entitled Yellow Cat. It was a fairly balanced, democratic process. He had been crippled with arthritis most of his life. Pinnacle Entertainment Holler Start Over Photo by Earl Palmer. Archaic Pronunciation, When Harriet Beecher Stowe and George Eliot Were Penpals, Prisoners Like Us: German POW and Black American Solidarity, How Rap Taught (Some of) the Hip Hop Generation Black History, Hysteria, Indigenous Identities, and Cocaine Bear, Fast and Pluribus: Impacts of a Globalizing McDonalds, About the American Prison Newspapers Collection, Submissions: American Prison Newspapers Collection. lers v. intr. Their home is hard fast against Johnny Sneed Mountain, named after their great-great-great-grandfather, who settled in Odd in the late 1700s. And after almost four decades of this, Adams has seen it all: life and death, love and hate and what he calls Salt & Truth, the title of his newly released fourth book. In the Appalachian Mountains of the eastern United States, balds are mountain summits or crests covered primarily by thick vegetation of native grasses or shrubs occurring in areas where heavy forest growth would be expected.. Balds are found primarily in the Southern Appalachians, where, even at the highest elevations, the climate is too warm to support an alpine zone, areas where trees fail . The past is supposed to be past. Chris is the first person in his family to graduate from high school; he has also taken courses in diesel mechanics at Hazard Community College. And they were perpetuated by these other stereotypes, like holler dwellers and moonshiners. Translated it means: Its cold outside. There is, indeed, something special about the mountain people of West Virginia, their old-fashioned ways, their manner of speech, their music, down-home cooking. A Fresh Look at Appalachia50 Years After the War on Poverty Kealey Lowe is a student at Stone Memorial High School. To really continue to build this out, not so much rallying under the banner of, Hey, thats not what we look like. Shelby Lee Adams Today, in Appalachia limited opportunities for holler dwellers are caused more by internal insecure cultural attitudes than lack of programs. And when a man with a camera came and asked to take her picture, she said she wanted to lay a rose across her grandmothers chest. 292-303, American Speech, Vol. He is distantly related to Hobart Ison, an Appalachian who in 1967 fatally shot a filmmaker on his land, but Adams father was a supervisor for a natural gas company with contracts around the country, and his family often lived in cities, including New York and Miami. In such a widespread region, across so many different states, it seems unlikely theres any one place or group that can represent the entirety of Appalachian culture or language. 3 (Sep., 1974), pp. West Virginia is Americas Mountain State. The three-stringed wooden instrument is plucked with a quill while held in the lap of a player. The Fremont County Herald". There's no doubt about his sincerity and passion for this place and its people. With little warning to residents, more than 130 million gallons of dark floodwaters tore through more than a dozen communities in the hollow. Sign in to get custom notifications of new products! The darkness he has sometimes seen in Appalachia only makes him want to look closer. In better economic times, more than 300 people attended church here. Kentucky, 1964 William Gedney, Slovenly: Former chimney sweeper Mose Noble keeps a kitchen littered with dirty, William GEDNEY :: Man and baby on ground leaning against car, Kentucky, 1972, Shelby Lee Adams-Gateway to Heaven Church, Pastor Bill Noble, 1995, Lost Creek, Shelby Lee Adams | People and Animals. Listen to the sounds of the Blue Ridge. College students learn 18th-Century spinning, weaving, blacksmithing, woodworking, fireplace cooking in iron pots, quilting, trapping, pioneer medicine. Set during the Polish-Soviet War of 19191920, Babels novel captured the indiscriminate violence and injustice of warfare. This series will explore a range of topics about Appalachian life and culture. Home Funeral is something I can show my kids and maybe later on they can save to show their kids what kind of family they had, he says. Here we live in the isolated hollers and old-fashioned homes like my log cabin, said Bonnie Collins. One of the things I hoped this project would bring about is a balanced view of a place. Can we bring a species back from the brink?, Video Story, A journey of the senses through Abu Dhabi, Video Story, Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic Society, Copyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. The hosts draw from their own experiences . Project Type: Documentary. Privacy Policy Contact Us hide caption, "Today, it is becoming more difficult to find actual salt-of-the-earth people," he writes in the book's introduction. Esther Renee Adams was born on her grandmothers birthday, June 2, and was named for her, though eventually, after Mamaw started calling her Nay Bug (because she was scared of ladybugs), everyone else did, too. Is it true? A Kentucky mountain woman is here shown enjoying a book brought by a WPA pack horse librarian, 1930s. The Work of Looking I mean, poverty exists, right? Leslie, October, 2007 Its 2am at the far end of his 75 acre lush farm in the heart of the Blue Ridge mountains on a mid-July Saturday night, and he and his wife, Adrienne Davis, have just hosted 300 of their friends and new acquaintances since Wednesday. . Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information, Russia accuses Ukrainian saboteurs of launching a cross-border attack, killing 1, Birth of Mexican volcano inspires scientists 80 years later, A little scary: Iditarod begins with smallest field ever, Before and after photos from space show storms effect on California reservoirs, Yet more rain expected to hit California in March. How did you choose the final images? BECKY: What inspired you to begin putting together this project? Leslie County is located in Kentucky's Eastern Coal Field region. People think were a bunch of hillbillies, all ignorant and uneducated. Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic SocietyCopyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. BECKY: What were the most common types of image submitted? They lived of what they could find around the highlands and, as it was said, robbed and ate the poor . Dutch: habitational name for someone from any of several locations named Hol, from Dutch hol 'hollow', or from Middle Dutch hole, heule '(low) arched bridge, weir'. Today it details Appalachia's difficult past, and at the same time, presents an accurate historical backdrop for a contemporary understanding of the Appalachian region. Adams wouldnt see Nay Bug again for 18 years. Not Nay Bug. Listen to the sounds of the Blue Ridge. There is suffering and struggling everywhere; its not just happening in Appalachia. Blake, who now lives in Cedarville, sells his musical instruments for $125 each. Its a relatively common thought that people from Appalachia are underprivileged, poorly educated, and backwoods. Nevertheless, its speakers hold fiercely to their own language despite the social repercussions, maintaining it even in after moving outside the region, to show identity, cultural pride, and belonging. Who created it? These animals can sniff it out. Villagers gather around the potbellied stove in the country store each Friday night to play the card game Rook and to pass the news.. Teaching with Reveal Digitals American Prison Newspapers Collection, hundreds of years out of step with the rest of the English-speaking world, the dialect of the Appalachian people is the oldest living English dialect, older than the speech of Shakespeare, closer to the speech of Chaucer,. View listing photos, review sales history, and use our detailed real estate filters to find the perfect place. Almost every house or trailer has some on display: church and prom portraits, sonograms and sometimes Adams work. I dont wash clothes on a board like I used ta, she said, laughing. It touches on issues like domestic abuse and violence against women, depression, generational poverty, religious beliefs and so much more. I got that thing two years ago. How dark it feels. She chops wood to cook her food and heat her home. Staff writer Abigail Tucker also writes on mustangs in this issue. It has a circulation of 25,000. She has lived in the primitive dwelling without running water or electricity on the slopes of Dead Fall Mountain her entire life. 15, No. The people of many West Virginia rural areas have been so isolated from the mainstream of American life for generations because of the mountains that Chaucerian and Elizabethan forms of speech are still in everyday use, explained Wylene (Gini) Dial, 62, associate professor at the University of West Virginias Appalachian Center. Dutch: habitational name for someone from any of several locations named Hol, from Dutch hol 'hollow', or from Middle Dutch hole, heule '(low) arched bridge, weir'. Im not in a position with my work to take that much time off. Strangers to these parts always do, Ruth Vineyard, 68, Looneyville postmaster the last 16 years, said with a chuckle. This is what we look like, but, Hey, lets just take a fresh look at Appalachia. And we may or may not be surprised at what we find, but the hard work is done in the looking. A Brief History of the Salem Witch Trials. The subjects' stories were, for me, alternately depressing and uplifting. Breathitt County, Kentucky. It is the poorest region of the USA. I think the word shack was used near half a dozen times in the captions for those images. Like much of the region, the county's population has declined along with the U.S. coal industry. White southern speech could have adopted and assimilated certain features of AAVE through white children spending formative time with slave caregivers and their children, for example. Why are we still having these debates. Salem College graduates are historical interpreters at Williamsburg and Jamestown and in other national and state parks across the nation. You may unsubscribe at any time by clicking on the provided link on any marketing message. From Deer and Turkey to Bear with . Demons of every description lurk in the forests. For outsiders, listening to the hill people of West Virginia often requires an interpreter. There isnt a holler in the state out of reach of a school bus today. The current issue, for example, has a story about hog-killing day at Aunt Dories; another about Moatsville midwife Opal Freeman, who delivered hundreds of babies in the hills and hollers; a feature about the 50th anniversary of Arthurdale, W. Va., the first of more than 100 experimental resettlement homestead projects initiated by Eleanor Roosevelt in the Great Depression. Hollers are most often found in Eastern Kentucky where the land is thick with small mountains which allow for the many narrow valleys. This documentary has a lot to unpack. When Adams returned to Kentucky for part of each year, he says, his father taught him to look down on the holler dwellers.. True x False Opened in the 1950s, Charlotte Motor Speedway is the primary tourist draw to North Carolina's Cherokee reservation. When [critics] are taken out of their middle-class comfort zone, they are confronted with another persons humanity, he says. Bats and agaves make tequila possibleand theyre both at risk, The new year once started in Marchhere's why, Jimmy Carter on the greatest challenges of the 21st century, This ancient Greek warship ruled the Mediterranean, 3 ways Jimmy Carter changed the world for the better, The meaning of the cross of ashes on Ash Wednesday, This disease often goes under-diagnosedunless youre white, The groundbreaking promise of cellular housekeeping. So they took all the fun, quirky aspects of underground distilling and just whitewashed out all the blindness and shotgun murders. Others go even further and claim that the dialect of the Appalachian people is the oldest living English dialect, older than the speech of Shakespeare, closer to the speech of Chaucer, apparently preserved by a brutally impoverished rural existence in the isolation of their mountain fastness, with little contact from the modern civilizing ways of outsiders. 253-261. COVID origins? Just look right here. A real teardrop slipped past the tattooed one near her eye. The captivating myth of the self-sufficient white mountaineer is deeply embedded in the American psyche, but it is a monoculture myth that dismisses other minority communities that were historically a part of Appalachian life, particularly African Americans, who are often rendered . ROGER: Maybe its that its already an established narrative. The entire state is Appalachian Mountains. Im in no way saying those things didnt happen or werent true at some level, its just that when Life magazine, in January of 1964, published a 12-page spread on eastern Kentucky, it was pretty heavily embellished with pictures of extreme poverty. If two women help a third one get dressed, the youngest of . In Comstocks words, it is crammed with everything anyone would ever want to know about the Mountain State, the entire cast of characters from Morgan Morgan, the first permanent settler, through the Bicentennial Year, what brought them here in the beginning and why they have stayed the way they have so long. Photograph by Joshua Yospyn, One of Earth's loneliest volcanoes holds an extraordinary secret. And they blame the photographer., Adams, 59, has roots in both the mountains and the middle class. Comstock launched the 24-page weekly New West Virginia Review last September for supplemental reading for students enrolled in the West Virginia course, a publication filled with stories and information about the state. By November 21, 2021 google pay receipt generator. 50, No. When Adams went back later, he says, he was mesmerized by their openness before his lens; photographing them would become his lifes work. In a social context where white southerners and black southerners were closely interacting, many elements of African American Vernacular English, from grammar to accent, were likely to have been major influences on how southern speech developed into its own distinctive dialect. 2 (SUMMER - 1949), pp. Once a month, shell uncover curious stories about language from around the globe for. Appalachian Holler | Trailer | 2018 - YouTube https://matthiaslawetzky.de/It's still a tough life out in the sticks of West Virginia, Kentucky and North Carolina - deep in the Appalachian. Left Hand, for example, got its name because it is located on the left-hand side of Left Hand Creek. It is true that Appalachian speech can be quite different from standard American English. Curators are realizing that returning looted artifacts isnt closing museumsits opening new doors. Photograph by Meg Wilson, An attendance board hangs in the lobby of Boomer Baptist Church in Boomer, West Virginia. Can we bring a species back from the brink? Dial has been collecting words, phrases and sayings of the hill people of her state for 30 years. There are all these photos that circulated in the late 60s that were used to illustrate the need in pockets of Appalachia. Made with Squarespace Right there with my Mamaw. Hes showing how hard it is for us to live., She had never seen Home Funeral until Adams visited last summer. For example, Wolfram highlights language from a KKK pamphlet which reads Look out liberals: Wallace power gonna get you showing a similar grammatical construction to AAVE with a missing copula be (e.g. Mountaineer who reared his grandson in his home with the help of the neighbors. A cast of city dwellers enter Appalachia's wilderness for recreation and leave only after being stalked by murderous mountain men. No picture, he says, can tell him what his future holds. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Red Holler Contemporary Appalachian Literature by John Branscum & Wayne Thomas at the best online prices at eBay! Appalachian Mountain Cabin by Earl Palmer. How did it turn into such a large collaboration? Friday nights at the Boulder Mercantile is an 81-year-old tradition ever since the tongue-in-groove frame store was erected in 1904. Matthias Lawetzky. For example, most are familiar with the pronoun yall but there are also unusual constructions such as might could/should (we might should tell him), done (they have done landed in jail again), a-prefixing (he come a-running at me), like to/liketa (I got lost and liked to never found my way out). Our Living Language One feature of Upper Southern English and specifically of Appalachian English is its pronunciation of the final unstressed syllable in words such as . In the new $14-million West Virginia Cultural Center on the state capital grounds at Charleston, historian Ken Sullivan edits a unique publication, Goldenseal, West Virginia Traditional Life, a quarterly published the past 10 years by the State Department of Culture and History. The captivating myth of the self-sufficient white mountaineer is deeply embedded in the American psyche, but it is a monoculture myth that dismisses other minority communities that were historically a part of Appalachian life, particularly African Americans, who are often rendered invisible from Appalachian culture (despite being responsible for the banjo, duelling or otherwise), yet made up nearly 10% of the population from 1860. Photos that circulated in the state out of reach of a close-knit Appalachian family that has changed little the... Affect your body weaving, blacksmithing, woodworking, fireplace cooking in iron pots, quilting,,! States nearly 2 million people live in the Looking before he was a photographer much of states! In Eastern Kentucky where the land is thick with small mountains which allow the. May not be surprised at what we find, but, Hey, lets take! The Looking Keysers Ridge in Garrett County, population 500 from around the highlands and, as was! 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