[192] Confirmation that the craft had succeeded in filling its digital recorders occurred when data arrived on Earth ten hours later, at 15:29 UTC. It was the first space probe to visit Pluto. The targets were at distances from the Sun ranging from 43 to 44 AU, which would put the encounters in the 20182019 period. ", "Departments of Space Studies & Space Operations", "Pluto's Two Small Moons Christened Nix and Hydra", "Pluto Mission to Carry Piece of SpaceShipOne", "Postage for Pluto: A 29-cent stamp pissed off scientists so much they tacked it to New Horizons", "New Horizons launches on voyage to Pluto and beyond", "To Pluto, with postage: Nine mementos fly with NASA's first mission to the last planet", "The Everest of Planetary Exploration: New Horizons Explores The Pluto System 2015", "Solar System Exploration New Horizons", New Horizons: Pluto map shows 'whale' of a feature, "New Horizons Spacecraft and Instruments", "New Frontiers Program: New Horizons Science Objectives", "Argonne Lab is developing battery for NASA missions", "Planetary Radio trivia question at 38m28s", "Pluto Probe Launch Scrubbed for Tuesday", "Draft Environmental Impact Statement for the New Horizons Mission", "MIPS in space: Inside NASA's New Horizons mission to Pluto", "Computer glitch doesn't stop New Horizons: Pluto encounter almost a week away", "Pluto Probe Suffers Glitch 10 Days Before Epic Flyby", "NASA's New Horizons Nears Historic Encounter with Pluto", "New Horizons: Spacecraft survives Pluto encounter", "Long-Range Reconnaissance Imager on New Horizons", "Ralph: A Visible/Infrared Imager for the New Horizons Pluto/Kuiper Belt Mission", "Meet Ralph, the New Horizons Camera Bringing Pluto into Sharp Focus", "NASA's New Horizons Mission Honors Memory of Engineer Lisa Hardaway", "Pluto-Bound, Student-Built Dust Detector Renamed "Venetia," Honoring Girl Who Named Ninth Planet", "Measurements of the Interplanetary Dust Population by the Venetia Burney Student Dust Counter on the New Horizons Mission", "NASA'S Pluto Space Probe Begins Launch Preparations", "Winds Delay Launching for NASA Mission to Pluto", "Launch of NASA's Pluto Probe Delayed for 24 Hours", "New Horizons Launched on its Way to Pluto", "First Mission to Pluto: The Difficult Birth of New Horizons", "NASA Met Unprecedented Challenges Sending Spacecraft to Pluto", "Damage prompts booster replacement for Pluto probe", "Spacecraft will carry memory of Sagamore native", "New Horizons Adjusts Course Towards Jupiter", "Maneuver Puts New Horizons on a Straight Path to Pluto", "Course Correction Keeps New Horizons on Path to Pluto", "Outbound for the Frontier, New Horizons Crosses the Orbit of Mars", "Outbound for the Frontier, NASA New Horizons Crosses the Orbit of Mars", "A Summer's Crossing of the Asteroid Belt", "JF56 Encounter, Encounter Date June 13, 2006 UT", "New Horizons, Not Quite to Jupiter, Makes First Pluto Sighting", "Pluto-Bound New Horizons Spacecraft Gets a Boost from Jupiter", "Pluto probe gets an eyeful in Jupiter flyby", "Spacecraft Surfs Jupiter's Magnetic Tail", "New Horizons Slips into Electronic Slumber", New Horizons Checks Out, Enters Hibernation, New Horizons Commanded into Last Pre-Pluto Slumber, "New Horizons Ventures Beyond Saturn's Orbit", "Later, Uranus: New Horizons Passes Another Planetary Milestone", "At Pluto, Moons and Debris May Be Hazardous to New Horizons", "New Horizons Team Sticking to Original Flight Plan at Pluto", "New Horizons Doing Science in Its Sleep", "2011 HM102: A new companion for Neptune", New Horizons Marks a 'Year Out' with a Successful Course Correction, "ALMA Pinpoints Pluto to Help Guide New Horizons Spacecraft", "NASA New Horizons (@NASANewHorizons) Twitter", "It's Alive! Before activating the other two instruments, ground tests were conducted to make sure that the expanded data gathering in this phase of the mission would not limit available energy, memory and fuel in the future and that all systems were functioning during the flyby. NASA scientists therefore reduced the number of scientific operations on the craft to prevent future events, which could happen during the approach with Pluto. Because of the extreme distance from Pluto and the Kuiper belt, only one buffer load at those encounters can be saved. [201], New Horizons made its first detection of Arrokoth on August 16, 2018, from a distance of 107millionmi (172millionkm). This is half the rotation period of the PlutoCharon system and allowed imaging of all sides of both bodies. [134][135] On July 5, NASA announced that the problem was determined to be a timing flaw in a command sequence used to prepare the spacecraft for its flyby, and the spacecraft would resume scheduled science operations on July 7. [28] Each pellet is clad in iridium, then encased in a graphite shell. The goal of the mission is to understand the formation of the Plutonian system, the Kuiper belt, and the transformation of the early Solar System. Voyager 1 and 2 . [96][97][98] The spacecraft successfully tracked the rapidly moving asteroid over June 1012, 2006. New Horizons begins the first stages of its approach to Pluto.<br><br>NASA's New Horizons spacecraft begins the main part of its long-awaited, historic encounter with Pluto, entering the first phase of a flyby that will culminate in a close-up photo of the Pluto system in six months.<br><br>"NASA's first mission to distant Pluto will also be humanity's first mission to obtain close-ups . With the help of this app users can view a computer simulation of New Horizons Pluto Flyby. [105] Minor moons such as Amalthea had their orbit solutions refined. [109], New Horizons crossed the orbit of Saturn on June 8, 2008,[110] and Uranus on March 18, 2011. [8] New Horizons took only nine hours to pass the Moon's orbit. I flew 167 days in outer space. The craft's response that it was "awake" reached Earth on December 7, 2014, at 02:30UTC. Most of the post-Jupiter voyage was spent in hibernation mode to preserve on-board systems, except for brief annual checkouts. New Horizons passed within 12,500km (7,800mi) of Pluto, with this closest approach on July 14, 2015, at 11:50UTC. The total velocity change of these two corrections was about 18 meters per second (65km/h; 40mph). It is the fifth space probe to achieve the escape velocity needed to leave the Solar System. [170] All were members of the "cold" (low-inclination, low-eccentricity) classical Kuiper belt objects, and thus were very different from Pluto. See where New Horizons is right now! The first images of Pluto from New Horizons were acquired September 2124, 2006, during a test of LORRI. Previous missions had the spacecraft transmit through the atmosphere, to Earth ("downlink"). Because there are two redundant communications subsystems, there are two, identical REX circuit boards. NASA's New Horizons spacecraft, launched in January 2006, is the one best suited to measure them. Using the high gain antenna and transmitting at full power, the signal from EIRP is +83 dBm, and at this distance the signal reaching Earth is 220 dBm. The cameras determined their positions, acting as "reverse optical navigation". PT2 was out of the running before the Pluto flyby. Images with a resolution of up to 30m (98ft) per pixel were expected. Because Jupiter is much closer to Earth than Pluto, the communications link can transmit multiple loadings of the memory buffer; thus the mission returned more data from the Jovian system than it was expected to transmit from Pluto. There are two redundant IEMs. (CNN: UNITED LAUNCH ALLIANCE, NASA, MARS ONE) [65], The Long-Range Reconnaissance Imager (LORRI) is a long-focal-length imager designed for high resolution and responsivity at visible wavelengths. New Horizons, U.S. space probe that flew by the dwarf planet Pluto and its largest moon, Charon, in July 2015. [127][128] New Horizons was more than 203million kilometers (126,000,000mi) away from Pluto when it began taking the photos, which showed Pluto and its largest moon, Charon. (The Pioneers have hexagonal bodies, whereas the Voyagers, Galileo, and CassiniHuygens have decagonal, hollow bodies.) Many subsystems and components have flight heritage from APL's CONTOUR spacecraft, which in turn had heritage from APL's TIMED spacecraft. [81][82] The Centaur second stage ignited at 19:04:43UTC and burned for 5 minutes 25 seconds. The New Horizons spacecraft launched on January 19, 2006 - beginning its odyssey to Pluto and the Kuiper Belt. That of Tvashtar reached an altitude of up to 330km (210mi). [79][80], The probe finally lifted off from Pad 41 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida, directly south of Space Shuttle Launch Complex 39, at 19:00UTC on January 19, 2006. [149], By March 30, 2016, about nine months after the flyby, New Horizons reached the halfway point of transmitting this data. New Horizons launched from Florida's Kennedy Space Center on January 19, 2006. [66], Solar Wind Around Pluto (SWAP) is a toroidal electrostatic analyzer and retarding potential analyzer (RPA), that makes up one of the two instruments comprising New Horizons' Plasma and high-energy particle spectrometer suite (PAM), the other being PEPSSI. Helium is used as a pressurant, with an elastomeric diaphragm assisting expulsion. Multiple redundant clocks and timing routines are implemented in hardware and software to help prevent faults and downtime. [159] Only the Hubble Space Telescope was deemed likely to find a suitable target in time for a successful KBO mission. [175] A course change to reach it required about 35% of New Horizons' available trajectory-adjustment fuel supply. It will also study other objects in the Kuiper belt. Instead, SWAP and PEPSSI could indirectly detect magnetic fields around Pluto. Published Aug 3, 2022. [112][113] If the hazard increased, New Horizons could have used one of two possible contingency plans, the so-called SHBOTs (Safe Haven by Other Trajectories). TCM-1 was accurate enough to permit the cancellation of TCM-2, the second of three originally scheduled corrections. No scientific measurements or images were taken, but instrument electronics, and in the case of Alice, some electromechanical systems were shown to be functioning correctly. [2] [182] In addition, it will continue to study the gas, dust and plasma composition of the Kuiper belt before the mission extension ends in 2021. Either the probe could have continued on its present trajectory with the antenna facing the incoming particles so the more vital systems would be protected, or it could have positioned its antenna to make a course correction that would take it just 3000km from the surface of Pluto where it was expected that the atmospheric drag would have cleaned the surrounding space of possible debris. ", "NASA probe breaks speed records as it tops 150,000 mph on way to the Sun", "New Horizons PlutoKuiper Belt mission: design and simulation of the PlutoCharon encounter", "First Mission to Pluto: Policy, Politics, Science, and Technology in the Origins of New Horizons, 19892003", NASA Gets Some Help From Guitarist Brian May On Its New Horizons Probe, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_Horizons&oldid=1141863561, Map the surface compositions of Pluto and, Characterize the geologies and morphologies of Pluto and Charon, Map surface temperatures on Pluto and Charon, Search for rings and additional satellites around Pluto, Conduct similar investigations of one or more, On March 19, 2007, the Command and Data Handling computer experienced an uncorrectable memory error and rebooted itself, causing the spacecraft to go into safe mode. [133], On July 4, 2015, New Horizons experienced a software anomaly and went into safe mode, preventing the spacecraft from performing scientific observations until engineers could resolve the problem. [186], On December 5, 2017, when New Horizons was 40.9AU from Earth, a calibration image of the Wishing Well cluster marked the most distant image ever taken by a spacecraft (breaking the 27-year record set by Voyager 1's famous Pale Blue Dot). Further delays related to low cloud ceiling conditions downrange, and high winds and technical difficultiesunrelated to the rocket itselfprevented launch for a further two days. [118] On July 14, 2014, mission controllers performed a sixth trajectory-correction maneuver (TCM) since its launch to enable the craft to reach Pluto. [64] In addition, New Horizons has an Ultrastable Oscillator subsystem, which may be used to study and test the Pioneer anomaly towards the end of the spacecraft's life. In late 2013, New Horizons passed within 1.2AU (180,000,000km; 110,000,000mi) of the high-inclination L5 Neptune trojan 2011 HM102,[116] which was discovered shortly before by the New Horizons KBO Search task, a survey to find additional distant objects for New Horizons to fly by after its 2015 encounter with Pluto. The science observations lost because of the anomaly were judged to have no impact on the mission's main objectives and minimal impact on other objectives. [136][137], The closest approach of the New Horizons spacecraft to Pluto occurred at 11:49UTC on July 14, 2015, at a range of 12,472km (7,750mi) from the surface[138] and 13,658km (8,487mi) from the center of Pluto. [71], In August 2018, NASA confirmed, based on results by Alice on the New Horizons spacecraft, a "hydrogen wall" at the outer edges of the Solar System that was first detected in 1992 by the two Voyager spacecraft. The feature-length documentary is debuting in December 2018, just before NASA's New Horizons spacecraft flies by a small Kuiper Belt Object known scientifically as 2014 MU69, but nicknamed "Arrokoth." Where is New Horizons? Additional post launch delta-v of over 290m/s (1,000km/h; 650mph) is provided by a 77kg (170lb) internal tank. [122][123][124], Distant-encounter operations at Pluto began on January 4, 2015. [115], Other possible targets were Neptune trojans. In August 1992, JPL scientist Robert Staehle called Pluto discoverer Clyde Tombaugh, requesting permission to visit his planet. NASA's New Horizons spacecraft launched toward Pluto in 2006, but the mission can trace its start back to 1930, when Clyde Tombaugh discovered the small planet and opened the door to a new, mysterious region of the solar system we're only now just beginning to understand. New Horizons has been called "the fastest spacecraft ever launched"[7] because it left Earth at 16.26 kilometers per second (58,536km/h; 36,373mph). Now five years past its rendezvous with Pluto, where it captured the first up-close images of the dwarf planet, today it ventures through the Kuiper belt at the edge of our solar system where pickup ions are the freshest. ", "New Horizons Conducts the First Interstellar Parallax Experiment", "New Horizons Observations of the Cosmic Optical Background", "New Horizons Spacecraft Answers Question: How Dark Is Space? As the spacecraft speeds up and slows down, the radio signal exhibited a Doppler shift. The received signal level (RSL) using one, un-arrayed Deep Space Network antenna with 72 dBi of forward gain equals 148 dBm. After Visiting Pluto, NASA's New Horizons Spacecraft Reaches Another Cosmic Milestone. So, after Pioneer 10 passed Jupiter in 1973, it still had ample power to keep going. The New Horizons spacecraft launched on January 19, 2006 - beginning its odyssey to Pluto and the Kuiper Belt. These measurements indicate that the total amount of light emitted by all galaxies at ultraviolet and visible wavelengths may be lower than previously thought. [100] More detailed exploration of the system began in January 2007 with an infrared image of the moon Callisto, as well as several black-and-white images of Jupiter itself. [87], On January 28 and 30, 2006, mission controllers guided the probe through its first trajectory-correction maneuver (TCM), which was divided into two parts (TCM-1A and TCM-1B). The remaining three targeting maneuvers took place on October 25, October 28, and November 4, 2015. About 30 grams (1oz) of Clyde Tombaugh's ashes are aboard the spacecraft, to commemorate his discovery of Pluto in 1930. They are mounted on the face of the spacecraft and provide attitude information while in spin-stabilized or 3-axis mode. [46] "By way of comparison, New Horizons gathered 5,000 times as much data at Pluto as Mariner did at the Red Planet. It has seven instruments on board to . The event gave scientists an unprecedented look into the structure and motion of the rising plume and its subsequent fall back to the surface. The search for undiscovered moons within the rings showed no results. On April 17, 2021, the New Horizons spacecraft passed 50 astronomical units - 50 times Earth's distance from the sun - while speeding toward interstellar space. After completing its famous flyby of dwarf planet Pluto in 2015,. [citation needed], In 2011, mission scientists started the New Horizons KBO Search, a dedicated survey for suitable KBOs using ground telescopes. [117], Images from July 1 to 3, 2013, by LORRI were the first by the probe to resolve Pluto and Charon as separate objects. [1] Ralph has two major subinstruments, LEISA and MVIC. [154], The New Horizons team requested, and received, a mission extension through 2021 to explore additional Kuiper belt objects (KBOs). The total speed needed is the square root of the sum of the squares of these two speeds. No NASA spacecraft had ever launched with a nuclear-powered electrical source before. New Horizons was launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida, on January 19, 2006, and flew past Jupiter on February 28, 2007, for a gravitational boost on its long journey. All objects had estimated diameters in the 3055km (1934mi) range and were too small to be seen by ground telescopes. After the spacecraft passed Arrokoth, the instruments continue to have enough power to be operational until the 2030s. [206] At this distance, the one-way transit time for radio signals between Earth and New Horizons was six hours. On July 14, 2015, at 11:49UTC, it flew 12,500km (7,800mi) above the surface of Pluto,[13][14] which at the time was 34 AU from the Sun,[citation needed] making it the first spacecraft to explore the dwarf planet. Where is New Horizons? Of all the missions we've ever launched into space, only five probes will leave the Solar System: Pioneer 10 and 11, Voyager 1 and 2, and New Horizons. The spacecraft is comparable in size and general shape to a grand piano and has been compared to a piano glued to a cocktail bar-sized satellite dish. New Horizons was mechanically simplified to save weight, shorten the schedule, and improve reliability during its 15-year lifetime. [215][216] This depends on a suitable Kuiper belt object being found or confirmed close enough to the spacecraft's current trajectory. Investigators compiled a series of images of the moons Nix and Hydra taken from January 27 through February 8, 2015, beginning at a range of 201million kilometers (125,000,000mi). New Horizons was launched Jan. 19, 2006, on an Atlas V rocket from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida. Although it was originally planned to activate just the VBSDC, other instruments were powered on in order to collect valuable heliospheric data. [146][147] The spacecraft's immediate task was to begin returning the 6.25 gigabytes of information collected. [91], During the week of February 20, 2006, controllers conducted initial in-flight tests of three onboard science instruments, the Alice ultraviolet imaging spectrometer, the PEPSSI plasma-sensor, and the LORRI long-range visible-spectrum camera. [73], On June 23, 2017, NASA announced that it has renamed the LEISA instrument to the "Lisa Hardaway Infrared Mapping Spectrometer" in honor of Lisa Hardaway, the Ralph program manager at Ball Aerospace, who died in January 2017 at age 50. The instruments are to be used to investigate the global geology, surface composition, surface temperature, atmospheric pressure, atmospheric temperature and escape rate of Pluto and its moons. The "primary objectives" were required. One of the solid rocket boosters was hit by a door. These were the closest images taken of a Kuiper belt object besides Pluto and Arrokoth as of February2018[update]. A mission to PT3 was in some ways preferable, in that it is brighter and therefore probably larger than PT1, but the greater fuel requirements to reach it would have left less for maneuvering and unforeseen events. [33] The spacecraft was built primarily by Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) and the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory. In May 2006 it was discovered that New Horizons would pass close to the tiny asteroid 132524 APL on June 13, 2006. [85], The probe was launched by a Lockheed Martin Atlas V 551 rocket, with a third stage added to increase the heliocentric (escape) speed. LEISA is derived from a similar instrument on the Earth Observing-1 spacecraft. [187][188], The dwarf planet Haumea was observed from afar by the New Horizons spacecraft in October 2007, January 2017, and May 2020, from distances of 49AU, 59AU, and 63AU, respectively. New Horizons Jul 14, 2015 RELEASE 15-149 NASA's Three-Billion-Mile Journey to Pluto Reaches Historic Encounter Pluto nearly fills the frame in this image from the Long Range Reconnaissance Imager (LORRI) aboard NASA's New Horizons spacecraft, taken on July 13, 2015 when the spacecraft was 476,000 miles (768,000 kilometers) from the surface. This antenna was used only for early mission phases near Earth, just after launch and for emergencies if the spacecraft had lost attitude control. [170] The initial estimated probabilities that these objects were reachable within New Horizons' fuel budget were 100%, 7%, and 97%, respectively. The 70m (230ft) NASA Deep Space Network (DSN) dishes are used to relay commands once the spacecraft is beyond Jupiter. Coincidentally the Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station was where the photographic plates were taken for the discovery of Pluto's moon Charon. These are small enough to fit on a single card. The spacecraft uses dual modular redundancy transmitters and receivers, and either right- or left-hand circular polarization. [89] Further trajectory maneuvers were not needed until September 25, 2007 (seven months after the Jupiter flyby), when the engines were fired for 15minutes and 37seconds, changing the spacecraft's velocity by 2.37m/s (8.5km/h; 5.3mph),[90] followed by another TCM, almost three years later on June 30, 2010, that lasted 35.6seconds, when New Horizons had already reached the halfway point (in time traveled) to Pluto. [131] No rings or additional moons were found. New Horizons had a relative velocity of 13.78km/s (49,600km/h; 30,800mph) at its closest approach, and came as close as 28,800km (17,900mi) to Charon. In between the time of star camera readings, spacecraft orientation is provided by dual redundant miniature inertial measurement units. On July 4, 2015, there was a CPU safing event triggered by an over-assignment of commanded science operations on the craft's approach to Pluto. [45] The spacecraft collected data on the atmospheres, surfaces, interiors, and environments of Pluto and its moons. The structure is larger than strictly necessary, with empty space inside. Another launch attempt of NASA's Crew-6 mission to send three astronauts and one cosmonaut to the space station is set for 12:34 a.m. [158] Desirable KBOs are well over 50km (30mi) in diameter, neutral in color (to contrast with the reddish Pluto), and, if possible, have a moon that imparts a wobble. SWAP measures particles of up to 6.5keV and, because of the tenuous solar wind at Pluto's distance, the instrument is designed with the largest aperture of any such instrument ever flown. The processor used for its flight computers is the Mongoose-V, a 12 MHz radiation-hardened version of the MIPS R3000 CPU. The rest of the triangle is primarily sandwich panels of thin aluminum face sheet (less than .mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}164in or 0.40mm) bonded to aluminum honeycomb core. The 208.3mm (8.20in) aperture RitcheyChretien mirrors and metering structure are made of silicon carbide to boost stiffness, reduce weight and prevent warping at low temperatures. However, despite the large population of KBOs, many factors limited the number of possible targets. The communications dish on Earth measured the disappearance and reappearance of the radio occultation signal as the probe flew by behind Pluto. Previous spacecraft, such as the Voyager program probes, had a rotatable instrumentation platform (a "scan platform") that could take measurements from virtually any angle without losing radio contact with Earth. New Horizons recorded scientific instrument data to its solid-state memory buffer at each encounter, then transmitted the data to Earth. [166] On June 16, 2014, time on Hubble was granted for a search. [178][179] The flyby occurred on January 1, 2019, at 00:33 UTC. There have been two "safing" events, that sent the spacecraft into safe mode: Communication with the spacecraft is via X band. The measured data is expected to greatly contribute to the understanding of the dust spectra of the Solar System. Ralph is a science instrument aboard the robotic New Horizons spacecraft, which was launched in 2006. [69] The PEPSSI sensor has been designed to measure the mass, energy and distribution of charged particles around Pluto, and is also able to differentiate between protons, electrons, and other heavy ions. REX performed active and passive radio science. [24][25], The Ralph telescope, 75mm[72] in aperture, is one of two photographic instruments that make up New Horizons' Pluto Exploration Remote Sensing Investigation (PERSI), with the other being the Alice instrument. [44] One of the science packages (a dust counter) is named after Venetia Burney, who, as a child, suggested the name "Pluto" after its discovery. DSN tests early in the mission with this dual polarization combining technique were successful, and the capability is now considered operational (when the spacecraft power budget permits both TWTAs to be powered). The New Horizons probe by NASA is continuing its mission to make scientific studies beyond Pluto and the Kuiper Belt into the outer heliosphere. At that time, Arrokoth was visible at magnitude 20 against a crowded stellar background in the direction of the constellation Sagittarius. Travelling through Jupiter's magnetosphere, New Horizons collected valuable particle readings. The Voyager 2 scan platform jammed at Saturn, and the demands of long time exposures at outer planets led to a change of plans such that the entire probe was rotated to make photos at Uranus and Neptune, similar to how New Horizons rotated. The heat from the RTG adds warmth to the spacecraft while it is in the outer Solar System. [113], While in hibernation mode in July 2012, New Horizons started gathering scientific data with SWAP, PEPSSI and VBSDC. NASA's New Horizons Pluto Probe 'Wakes Up' for Work", "New Horizons Commanded into Last Pre-Pluto Slumber", "New Horizons Begins First Stages of Pluto Encounter", "Happy Birthday Clyde Tombaugh: New Horizons Returns New Images of Pluto", "The View from New Horizons: A Full Day on Pluto-Charon", "85 Years after Pluto's Discovery, New Horizons Spots Small Moons Orbiting Pluto", "New Horizons Spots Pluto's Faintest Known Moons", "So Far, All Clear: New Horizons Team Completes First Search for Pluto System Hazards", "New Horizons to Encounter KBO Ahead of Pluto Flyby", "NASA's New Horizons Detects Surface Features, Possible Polar Cap on Pluto", "New Horizons Team Responds to Spacecraft Anomaly", "New Horizons space probe suffers glitch on approach to Pluto", "NASA's New Horizons Plans July 7 Return to Normal Science Operations", "New Horizons computer overload won't hurt the mission to Pluto, NASA says", "NASA's Three-Billion-Mile Journey to Pluto Reaches Historic Encounter", Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, "New Horizons "phones home" after Pluto flyby", "Pluto: New Horizons probe makes contact with Earth", "New Horizons: Using "Charon-light," Researchers Capture Pluto's Dark Side", "Last of Pluto's moons mysterious Kerberos revealed by New Horizons", "NASA's New Horizons Spacecraft Sends Signal From Pluto to Earth", "NASA's New Horizons Probe Phones Home After Historic Pluto Flyby", "How Much Bandwidth Does a Satellite Have | Microwaves | Planet Fox", "How exactly does New Horizons send all that data back from Pluto? Backlighting by the Sun gave an opportunity to highlight any rings or atmospheric hazes. New Horizons was the first mission to Pluto, completing the space-age reconnaissance of the planets that started 50 years earlier. Pluto Probe's Team Proposes Extension", "NASA extends the New Horizons mission to fly by another small world beyond Pluto", "New Horizons conducts flyby of Pluto in historic Kuiper Belt encounter", "Citizen Scientists: Discover a New Horizons Flyby Target", "The most exciting citizen science project ever (to me, anyway)", "Hubble recruited to find New Horizons probe post-Pluto target", Hubble To Lend Pluto Probe Helping Hand in Search for Secondary Target, "RELEASE 14-281 NASA's Hubble Telescope Finds Potential Kuiper Belt Targets for New Horizons Pluto Mission", "Finally! The probability that a target for New Horizons would be found was estimated beforehand at about 95%.[168]. 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