(Following is a reproduction of the account written by P.C Roy Choudhury). and Geology at UC Davis and Its rupture length was estimated to be 1,200 miles. ), Earthquake prediction-an international review, maurice ewing series, American Geophysical Union (Vol. which caused irreparable damage to human structures. Evidence for a great medieval earthquake (~1100 A.D.) in the central himalayas. Bull. Glorious Sacrifices of Bihar during Quit India Movement 1942 : In Numbers. 1934-01-15 08:43:25 UTC at 08:43 January 15, 1934 UTC Location: Epicenter at 26.885, 86.589 19.2 km from Lahn (12.2 miles) Nepal India Border . 117, S2, 773-782. Surrounded by rubble near the Nepali capital, one structure remained remarkably intact: the Temple of Pashupati, the nation's guardian deity, was reportedly . Am. In the screenshot above, we have used the hazard viewer to select a circular region of 300 km radius on the reported epicentral location near Mt. to Chitawan. Large paleoearthquake timing and displacement near Damak in eastern Nepal on the Himalayan frontal thrust. Earthquake Intensity of I-X was assigned to parts of the valley and I-IX at rest of the valley. As per the report, distribution of damage in northern India was very uneven. PubMedGoogle Scholar, D., C. The Bihar Earthquake of 1934. Bilham, R., Gaur, V. K. and Molnar, P., Science, 2001, 293, India Memoir. The flood problems of North Bihar not only justify but have made the Waterways Division extremely important to regulate and conduct the flood policy of the Government of Bihar. ", "Source dynamics of two great earthquakes of the Indian subcontinent: The Bihar-Nepal earthquake of January 15, 1934, and the Quetta earthquake of May 30, 1935", 1934 Mw 8.1 Bihar/Nepal earthquake 15 January 1934, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1934_NepalIndia_earthquake&oldid=1133023739, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 11 January 2023, at 22:58. 1st English edition. Sir E. Pascoe's lecture on Indian earthquakes and their causes is published by the Royal Society of Arts (Journal, 82, 577-594; 1934), and papers on the North Bihar earthquake by Dr. M. S . [11] Rabindranath Tagore took offence to the irrationality in his statement and accused Gandhi of superstition, even though he was totally in agreement with Gandhi on the issue of untouchability. Rajendran, C. P., John, B., Rajendran, K., & Sanwal, J. Pilots flyng over the meizoseismal area reported great changes in topography; this was largely due to enormous slides, some of which were photographed. CrossRef Minor quake strikes Bihar, no damage reported. U. Active strike-slip faults and an outer frontal thrust in the Himalayan foreland basin. Nature Molnar, P., & Deng, Q. The earthquake damage observations indicate that the majority of the damaged buildings were stone/brick masonry structures with no seismic detailing, whereas the most of RC buildings were undamaged. Also, the length of rupture zone along east-west had been estimated as 200 100 Km. Explaining the 1934 Bihar-Nepal Earthquake: The Role of Science, Astrology, and Rumours. Dehra Dun,. (2016) Tectonic summaries of magnitude 7 and greater earthquakes from 2000 to 2015, USGS Open-File Report 2016-1192. It was the worst that ever occurred in that country. Hayes et al. The earthquake shocks of magnitude 5 to 6 have been recorded in the Garhwal region in 1803, 1809, 1816, 1966, [3], The epicentre for this event was located in eastern Nepal about 9.5km (5.9mi) south of Mount Everest. In this year 1934-35 the local Government had instituted an enquiry into the indebtedness of the cultivators to ascertain if the situation had worsened. January 1934 at Bihar, Nepal with a magnitude Mw of 8.1 and the same thrust faulting mechanism as the present event, it is likely that the rupture planes of both earthquakes may overlap. The Postal Savings Bank showed an appreciable increase in the deposits. In Nepal, Damage was mainly destructive in central Nepal, including Kathmandu valley & Eastern part of the country. Great detachment earthquakes along the himalayan arc and long-term forecasting. Almost half of the bridges in the valley would be impassible, and 10 percent of all paved roads would have moderate damage, such as deep cracks or subsidence. Impact Summary; The earthquake took place on January 15 around two o'clock in the afternoon and cause widespread damage. (M 6.9) It shook an area half a million square miles in extent in Nepal and Tibet. Seeber, L., & Armbruster, J. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Nature (Nature) Sci. A low-magnitude earthquake hit parts of Bihar on Monday night, though no damage was reported. The 1934 NepalIndia earthquake or 1934 BiharNepal earthquake was one of the worst earthquakes in India's history. Zones like Dharan, Sindhuli, Udayapur and Bhojpur were severely damaged. Am. 423482). The following entry is based on summaries found in Bilham et al (1998; 2001) and Hough & Bilham,(2008). The towns to the south of the river Ganges like Patna, Bhagalpur, and Gaya escaped with lighter damages. Superintendent, Government Printing, Bihar and Orissa, Patna, 1935. Maharashtra earthquake, 1993. 1a, b) and PGA-European Macroseismic Scale (EMS, Grnthal 1998) relation. Seismic imaging of the main frontal thrust in Nepal reveals a shallow dcollement and blind thrusting. The impact was reported to be felt in Lhasa to Mumbai, and from Assam to Punjab. The great Indian Earthquake of January 15, 1934. The worst damage in Terai was observed in Siraha and Saptari Districts. Duvall, M., Waldron, J. W. F., Godin, L., & Najman, Y. A.. Shortly after the Bihar Earthquake of 1934, the social workers under a mistaken idea started constructing a bandh across an innumerable waterways blocking the roads and railways, culverts and drainage channels. Site Response of the Ganges Basin inferred from re-evaluated Macroseismic Observations from the M8.1 Shillong 1897, M7.8 Kangra 1905 and 1934 Nepal M8.1 earthquakes. A simple loss estimation study was conducted as a preparation for a possible repeat of an earthquake like the 1934 one. Damage to a man-made structure. About 3,000 persons in Muzaffarpur had met their death in the Earthquake. Part of Springer Nature. Surv. Gutenberg, B., & Richter, C. F. (1949). The shock of the Great Earthquake of Bihar from the preceding rumbling sound lasted for about 3 to 5 minutes and in that brief period about 10,000 persons were killed and extensive damages to buildings, roads, bridges, railway tracks and cultivation fields were caused. In Purnea the cast iron piles of a bridge between the civil lines and the railway station were broken. 1934-01-15 08:43:25 UTC 8.0 magnitude, 15 km depth Lahn, Eastern Region, Nepal 8.0 magnitude earthquake 1934-01-15 08:43:25 UTC at 08:43 January 15, 1934 UTC The impact was reported to be felt in Lhasa to Bombay, and from Assam to Punjab. 73 1-391. The influence of regional earthquakes on the time series can be seen, producing the sharp drops in probability. Its rupture length was estimated to be 1,200 miles. This indicates that adequate structural design is the key to reduce the earthquake risk in Nepal. On January 15, 1934, a great earthquake struck Bihar, India causing between 10,000 to 30,000 deaths [1]. The southern edge reached the frontal thrusts near 86 deg east (Sapkota et al 2011). London:Special Publications. Did Trump Ruin America for Good? Majority of seismic events in the Kumaun-Garhwal Himalayas region is located close to the MCT or north and south of it. 110 1010-1027. The human casualty in Monghyr was very severe. This is not an exception. : , . (1984). Sapkota, S.; Tapponnier, P.; Bollinger, L.; Klinger, Y.; Gaudemer, Y.; Tiwari, D. R.; Siwakoti, I.; Rizza, M.Surface Rupture of the Mw 8.1, 1934, Bihar Nepal Earthquake AGU abstract 2011. PubMedGoogle Scholar. There is evidence that even larger events have occurred in the past, and geodetic and seismic monitoring show that stress is accumulating now. Using the above reasoning we constrain the 1934 western edge of the Nepal rupture to 85.5 +/- 0.2 degrees East and its western edge to 87.0 +/- 0.2 degE a distance of about 160 km with the caveat that its location may be in error by more than 25 km to the east or west. Singh D D and Gupta H K 1980 Source dynamics of two great earthquakes of the Indian subcontinent; the Bihar- Nepal earthquake of January 15, 1934 and the Quetta earthquake of May 30, 1935; Bull. Kumar, S., Wesnousky, S., Rockwell, T. K., Briggs, R. W., Thakur, V. C., & Jayangondaperumal, R. (2006). Liquefaction studies using trench excavations at locations known to have suffered liquefaction in 1934 (Sukhija et al., 2002) . Copyright 2023 Devastating Disasters.com | Powered by, Bihar Earthquake India January 15, 1934. 483, pp. Leveling in Bengal and Bihar, 9397. 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The quake was felt at far-off places such as Kanpur (440 km south-east from the Focu s here is on the central Himalayan segment between the 1905 and the 1934 ruptures, where previous studies have identi ed a great earthquake between thirteenth and sixteenth centuries. http://goo.gl/TLJKhQ http://bit.ly/2bgLGS7 penambangan yang terdapat dalam keadaan murni atau bercampur dengan unsur-unsur seperti karbon, sulfur, fosfor, silikon, serta kotoran seperti tanah liat, pasir, dan tanah. 125 people lost their lives, 248 were seriously injured. 6 Celebs Who Lost Their Lives Under the Knife. Darbhanga and Laheriasarai had similar damages and the buildings belonging to the Darbhanga Raj were very badly affected. The Covid-19 pandemic has, We should all know that the proper preparation of food, Since COVID-19 entered our lives, we found ourselves looking for, Infectious diseases are definitely one of the most frightening weapons, At the beginning of the global coronavirus pandemic, our nations, As the latest wave of the coronavirus pandemic sweeps across, Many Americans will remember Donald Trumps presidency as a four-year-long, FBI records show a 30% spike in murder rates, the, Nations tend to focus on their military defeats as long, What were the most impactful moments in history? It resulted in a huge death toll and caused extensive destruction to buildings and infrastructure both in the central-eastern Nepal and the adjacent parts of India. A catalog of felt intensity data for 589 earthquakes in India, 16362008. These effects are discussed in detail by Hough and Bilham (2008). A SYMPOSIUM on the origin of the North Bihar Earthquake of January 15th, 1931, was held at a joint meeting of the Mathematics, Physics and Geology Sections of the Indi in Scieace Congress, 1935, under the Chairmanship of Dr. Ii. Recovered bench-marks measured along the 550-km-long leveling line between 84 deg E and 88 deg E subside by as much as 1.1m near points that have subsided by less than 0.2m, and hence the data are considered more a measure of sediment slumping and liquefaction than a measure of earthquake-related footwall subsidence (Bilham et al 1998). Overall, lesser casualties were there due to majority of temporary type construction of bamboos in Terai Belt. Bomford, G. (1937). India Spec. Bashyal, R. P. (1998). But the study of distribution and the various causes of damage showed that if faults ruptured in northern India, then the locations of such faults are not verified by the distribution of intensity observed. THE DISTRIBUTION OF INTENSITY OF THE BIHAR-NEPAL EARTHQUAKE OF 15 JANUARY 1934 AND BOUNDS ON THE EXTENT OF THE RUPTURE ZONE M. R. Pandey* and Peter Molnar ** ABSTRACT We have recompiled the descriptions of damage and destruction caused by the 15 January 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake, given by both Dunn et al. Sukhija, B. S., Rao, M. N., Reddy, D. V., Nagabhushanam, P., Kumar, D., Lakshmi, B. V., & Sharma, P. (2002). You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. [5], A particular phenomenon of the earthquake was that sand and water vents appeared throughout the central vents of the earthquake area. Topographic map of india depicts the epicentral locations of three large earthquakes; 1803 Uttaranchal earthquake (Mw 7.5); 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake (Mw 8.1) and 2001 Bhuj earthquake (Mw 7.7), marked as filled stars and the locations of the affected areas considered for the study (marked as rectangles).Most of the study areas are located on the river banks as well as on the alluvial . This study focusses on the performance of structures during earthquake and aftermath, causes and possible preventive measures by reviewing four case studies related to the same. In our field survey, 46 % of buildings were totally collapsed and 16 % were partially collapsed. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. 1.Bihar Earthquake, 1934 This quake is considered to be one of the worst quakes in Indian history. [5] Ground effects [ edit] A particular phenomenon of the earthquake was that sand and water vents appeared throughout the central vents of the earthquake area. Journal of Nepal Geological Society, 18, 1924. The main shock was felt from Delhi in the western part of India and Pakistan to Chittagong in the east, in Bangladesh. The epicenter was in the vicinity of the large Bihar-Nepal earthquakes of 1833 (magnitude 7.0-7.5) and 1934 (magnitude 8.4). Nature 136, 485486 (1935). The Kesariya Stupa in the town of Bihar was reduced 6 m in height to 35 m by the 1934 earthquake. Saquib Salim is a well known historian under whose supervision various museums (Red Fort, National Library, IFFI, Jallianwala Bagh etc.) More than 80,000 houses were damaged. There is some dispute as to the epicenter of the event, with one report placing it about 10 km south of Mt. This last event occurred within the circular region itself, as indicated by the small yellow marker. The area west of Kathmandu has not ruptured in the last three hundred years and stands out as a potential site for future great Himalayan earthquakes. The next crops in the affected areas were not bad. Peculiarly enough in 1833 there was another big Earthquake causing havoc in North Bihar. The 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake had a magnitude of 8.1 and caused 12,000 deaths in Nepal and India combined. Ambraseys N and Douglas J 2004 Magnitude calibration of north Indian earthquakes; Geophys. ), Survey of India geodetic report, 1936. Kathmandu valley was severely damaged in that earthquake. According to the National Centre for Seismology, the tremors measured 3.5 on the Richter scale and were felt around 9.23 pm.