The National University of Laos, one of the country's three universities, is located in Vientiane. Vientiane Capital is the home to the most significant . [76], In 1989, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), with the support of the US government, instituted the Comprehensive Plan of Action, a programme to stem the tide of Indochinese refugees from Laos, Vietnam, and Cambodia. Between 1995 and 2008 approximately 1,232,900 more people had access to improved sanitation in rural areas. In 2009, despite the fact that the government is still officially communist, the Obama administration in the US declared Laos was no longer a MarxistLeninist state and lifted bans on Laotian companies receiving financing from the US Export-Import Bank.[117][118]. As a result, newly elected US president John F. Kennedy authorized the recruitment of ethnic minorities in Laos to participate in covert military operations against the spread of communism. The city is the home of the massive gilded stupa, Pha That Luang, a national symbol of Laos. Vientiane was a Khmer (remember Cambodia?) [181], Association football is the most popular sport in Laos. Lao Soung account for about 10% of the population. Ngum was descended from a long line of Lao kings that traced back to Khoun Boulom. What is the Difference Between Democrats and Republicans. [108] In late February 2017, two of those imprisoned were finally released after 17 years. Laos is a landlocked country located in the Indochinese Peninsula. [71] In 2005 it attended the inaugural East Asia Summit. Vientiane, also spelled Viangchan, largest city and capital of Laos, situated on a plain just northeast of the Mekong River. The Lao National Tourism Administration, related government agencies and the private sector are working together to realise the vision put forth in the country's National Ecotourism Strategy and Action Plan. The remainder, particularly in rural areas, speak ethnic minority languages. An "urban" village is essentially a town.[58]. [153][154] Buddhism has long been one of the most important social forces in Laos. Laos is a member of the Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement, the ASEAN, East Asia Summit, and La Francophonie. Laos was then dependent on military and economic aid from the Soviet Union until its dissolution in 1991. France remained in de facto control until 22 October 1953, when Laos gained full independence as a constitutional monarchy. Subsistence agriculture still accounts for half of the GDP and provides 80% of employment. Vientiane, the capital city of Laos in the 1990s. Em 2009, um antigo crnio foi encontrado em uma caverna nas montanhas Annamite, no norte do Laos. The streets are lined with trees, French colonial buildings, street markets, Buddhist temples, and noodle shops. There are two plateaux, the Xiangkhoang in the north and the Bolaven Plateau at the southern end. In an effort to halt the planned repatriation, the Republican-led USSenate and House of Representatives both appropriated funds for the remaining Thailand-based Hmong to be immediately resettled in the United States; Clinton, however, responded by promising a veto of the legislation. US Representative Steve Gunderson, for instance, told a Hmong gathering: "I do not enjoy standing up and saying to my government that you are not telling the truth, but if that is necessary to defend truth and justice, I will do that. The national carrier is Lao Airlines. [45] The Japanese attempted to force Sisavang Vong (the King of Luang Phrabang) to declare Laotian independence, but on 8 April he instead simply declared an end to Laos's status as a French protectorate. As of 2011[update], Nhn Dn ('The People') and the Xinhua News Agency are the only foreign media organisations permitted to open offices in Laosboth opened bureaus in Vientiane in 2011. For example, Laotian music is dominated by its national musical instrument, the khaen, a type of bamboo mouth organ that has prehistoric origins. Muay Lao is an ancient martial art practiced throughout Laos, but mainly in the capital of Vientiane. Vientiane became one of the most important settlements in the kingdom, and in 1563 it became the kingdom's capital. The capital city has more of a small town feel than that of a capital. Laos financed the remaining 30% with loans from . "Lao Refugees Return Home Under European Union Repatriation Program", Associated Press Worldstream, 22 11, 1994. [87], Lending further support to earlier claims that the government of Laos was persecuting the Hmong, filmmaker Rebecca Sommer documented first-hand accounts in her documentary, Hunted Like Animals,[88] and in a comprehensive report that includes summaries of refugee claims and was submitted to the UN in May 2006. Since the founding of the Lao PDR in 1975, very few films have been made in Laos. [97] The organisation also raised concerns in relation to freedom of expression, poor prison conditions, restrictions on freedom of religions, protection of refugees and asylum-seekers, and the death penalty. [127] Of the potential capacity of approximately 18,000 megawatts, around 8,000 megawatts have been committed for export to Thailand and Vietnam. The capital is Vientiane (Lao: Viangchan), located on the Mekong River in the northern portion of the country. Its thickly forested landscape consists mostly of rugged mountains, the highest of which is Phou Bia at 2,818 metres (9,245ft), with some plains and plateaus. The city of Vientiane is located on the Mekong River's bank near the Laos-Thailand border, and is the seat of the countrys national government. [72], On 17 May 2014, Defence Minister and Deputy Prime Minister Douangchay Phichit was killed in a plane crash, along with other top ranking officials. Overall, the country extends about 650 miles (1,050 km) from northwest to southeast. Fa Ngum's eldest son, Oun Heuan, ascended to the throne under the name Samsenethai and reigned for 43years. This article is about the country in Southeast Asia. [35] Anouvong was taken to Bangkok as a prisoner, where he died. However, only slightly more than half of the population speaks Lao natively. [45] When Japan surrendered, some Lao nationalists (including Prince Phetsarath) declared Laotian independence, but by early-1946, French troops had reoccupied the country and conferred limited autonomy on Laos. Laos Local Tour Company offers Laos tours, tailor made vacation packages travel services. [121] The irrigated areas under cultivation account for only 28% of the total area under cultivation which, in turn, represents only 12% of all of the agricultural land in 2012. Some Vietnamese, Laotian Chinese[148] and Thai minorities remain, particularly in the towns, but many left after independence in the late 1940s, many of whom relocated either to Vietnam, Hong Kong, or to France. If you drive into town, you might not even realize when you're actually in the city proper, as Vientiane blends seamlessly with the countryside. His reign is often regarded as Laos's golden age. [145] The Lao belong to the Tai linguistic group[146] who began migrating south from China in the first millennium CE. [25] Stone artefacts including Hoabinhian types have been found at sites dating to the Late Pleistocene in northern Laos. 500 BC - The Plain of Jars, one of the most important prehistoric sites in Southeast Asia, dates from between 500 BC and 500 AD. [43], During World War II in Laos, Vichy France, Thailand, Imperial Japan and Free France occupied Laos. Pakse is the capital and most populous city of Champasak Province in Southern Laos. Of the many beautiful Wats in Vientiane, a visit to Wat Sisaket is a must; built in 1818, this is one of the oldest temples in Vientiane. The train arrived at the brand new Vientiane Capital Station, the largest and most important station of the line . French is also used in public works in central and southern Laos and Luang Prabang and is a language of diplomacy and of the elite classes, higher professions and elders. Major festivals include Lao New Year celebrated around 1315 April and involves a water festival similar but more subdued than that of Thailand and other Southeast Asian countries. The national basketball team competed at the 2017 Southeast Asian Games where it beat Myanmar in the eighth place game.[185]. More than half of the nation's population is ethnic Laothe principal lowland inhabitants, and the politically and culturally dominant people of Laos. Laos's first expressway, the VientianeBoten Expressway, parallels both Route 13 and the BotenVientiane railway; the first section from Vientiane to Vang Vieng was opened in 2020, with other sections under construction. [41] Under French rule, the Vietnamese were encouraged to migrate to Laos, which was seen by the French colonists as a rational solution to a labour shortage within the confines of an Indochina-wide colonial space. From the river bank inland, the three main roads run parallel to the river, while the . Amnesty International raised concerns about the ratification record of the Lao government on human rights standards and its lack of co-operation with the UN human rights mechanisms and legislative measuresboth impact negatively upon human rights. The organisation estimates that there are 173,800 French speakers in Laos (2010 est.). He encouraged a renaissance of Lao fine arts and literature and improved relations with Luang Phrabang. [149], Hill people and minority cultures of Laos such as the Hmong, Yao (Mien) (Hmong-Mien), Dao, Shan, and several Tibeto-Burman speaking peoples have lived in isolated regions of Laos for many years. Getty Images offers exclusive rights-ready and premium royalty-free analog, HD, and 4K video of the highest quality. Laos opened on May 2022 and it is nice to travel t. [69] Trade relations with the United States were normalised in November 2004 through Congress approved legislation. [46], During the First Indochina War, the Indochinese Communist Party formed the Pathet Lao independence organisation. [164] One of the first commercial feature-length films was Sabaidee Luang Prabang, made in 2008. For example, Khammu farmers in Luang Prabang plant the rice variety khao kam in small quantities near the farm house in memory of dead parents, or at the edge of the rice field to indicate that parents are still alive.[162]. Population 6.7 million. Five of them were arrested and subsequently sentenced to up to 10 years imprisonment on charges of treason. In 1899, Vientiane became the capital of the French protectorate of Laos, which ensured further development in the city. [171], As of 2018, Laos has three theatres dedicated to showing films.[172]. The politically and culturally dominant Lao people make up 53.2% of the population, mostly in the lowlands. Southeast Asia is a region in the southern part of Asia that is composed of 11 countries: Brunei, Cambodia, East Timor, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand . The capital city of Hanoi is ready to further expand friendship and cooperation activities in various fields, including those of people-elected . "Patuxai is a war monument in the centre of Vientiane, Laos, which was built between 1957 and 1968. Laos is the only landlocked nation in Southeast Asia. [109], Laos and Vietnamese (SRV) troops were reported to have raped and killed four Christian Hmong women in Xiangkhouang Province in 2011, according to the US-based non-governmental public policy research organisation The Centre for Public Policy Analysis, which also said other Christian and independent Buddhist and animist believers were being persecuted. In 2017, Laos suffered fiscal and monetary difficulties which resulted in low levels of foreign reserves. The constitution and Family Code bar the legal recognition of polygamous marriages, stipulating that monogamy is the principal form of marriage in the country. [139]:8 Songthaews are used in the country for long-distance and local public transport. A man who lost land and property to the Laos-China railway project near the capital said he has yet to receive any promised money. The capital of Laos is Vientiane, which was founded 13th century. According to the USCommittee for Refugees, he was arrested by Lao security forces and was never seen again. Take more wonderful experiences in this Mystery . In response, the United States initiated a bombing campaign against the PAVN positions, supported regular and irregular anti-communist forces in Laos, and supported Army of the Republic of Vietnam incursions into Laos. [100], Ostensibly, the Constitution of Laos that was promulgated in 1991 and amended in 2003 contains most key safeguards for human rights. 15. Many elements of Lao culture predate Buddhism. [63], Laos is divided into 17 provinces (khoueng) and one prefecture (kampheng nakhon), which includes the capital city Vientiane (Nakhon Louang Viangchan). Mapcarta, the open map. has been the most successful club with 8 titles, the highest number of championship wins. [24], An ancient human skull was recovered in 2009 from the Tam Pa Ling Cave in the Annamite Mountains in northern Laos; the skull is at least 46,000 years old, making it the oldest modern human fossil found to date in Southeast Asia. Laos Capital City, Vientiane. Compared to the hectic, bustling capitals in other South . "[132], The country's most widely recognised product may well be Beerlao, which in 2017 was exported to more than 20 countries worldwide. [34], Chao Anouvong was installed as a vassal king of Vientiane by the Siamese. ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE) Policy Brief Series, No 7. 1 Vientiane the increasingly busy capital on the banks of the Mekong River; 2 Huay Xai in the north, on the Mekong and the border with Thailand; 3 Luang Namtha capital of the north, known for its trekking; 4 Luang Prabang a UNESCO World Heritage City known for its numerous temples, colonial era architecture, and vibrant night market; 5 Muang Xay also known as . [138] Two new lines connecting with Vietnam, namely the VientianeVng ng and SavannakhetLao Bao railways, are also under planning, in line to meet the Laotian government's vision of becoming a land-linked nation. According to a Laotian epic, Vientiane was founded on the Mekong Rivers eastern banks by a prince named Thattaradtha. Other carriers serving the country include Bangkok Airways, Vietnam Airlines, AirAsia, Thai Airways and China Eastern Airlines. [80] Following the Vue Mai incident, debate over the Hmong's planned repatriation to Laos intensified greatly, especially in the United States, where it drew strong opposition from many American conservatives and some human rights advocates. [122] Rice dominates agriculture, with about 80% of the arable land area used for growing rice. Laos(nume oficial: Republica Popular Democrat Laos) este un stat fr ieire la mare din Asia de Sud-Est, ce se nvecineaz cu Birmania (Myanmar) i China la nord-est, cu Vietnamul la est, cu Cambodgia la sud i cu Thailanda la vest. Laos locked down its capital and closed its international borders to most traffic Thursday after identifying a COVID-19 cluster connected to its bigger neighbor Thailand. The airport in Paske was completed in 2009 with one terminal for both international and domestic flights. The Lao PDR is one of the world's few socialist states openly endorsing communism. [104], In October 1999, 30 young people were arrested for attempting to display posters calling for peaceful economic, political and social change in Laos. It was founded in 1563 and was prompted by fears of attacks from Burma. Residents of the capital Vientiane are barred from leaving the city and outsiders must get permission to enter. According to independent non-profit/non-governmental organisations (NGOs) such as Amnesty International,[104] Human Rights Watch,[105] and Civil Rights Defenders,[106] along with the US State Department,[107] serious human rights violations such as arbitrary detentions, disappearances, free speech restrictions, prison abuses and other violations are an ongoing problem. Vientiane Capital, the capital city of Lao PDR, is a small, relaxed city, located in the central of Laos. [175] Lao citizens who have criticised the government have been subjected to enforced disappearances, arbitrary arrests and torture. [47][46], Laos was a key part of the Vietnam War since parts of Laos were invaded and occupied by North Vietnam since 1958 for use as a supply route for its war against South Vietnam. [46], Male life expectancy at birth was at 62.6 years and female life expectancy was at 66.7 years in 2017. Laos is a landlocked country on the Indo-Chinese peninsula between Thailand and Vietnam. head to the ancient capital of Laos - Vientiane, soak in the countryside of Pakse, and play with mischievous dolphins in 4000 Islands. Calculating U.S. Savada, Andrea Matles (editor) (1994) "Events in 1945". Vientiane is located at 17.9757, 102.6331, at an elevation of 570 ft. [44] On 9 March 1945, a nationalist group declared Laos once more independent, with Luang Prabang as its capital, but on 7 April 1945 two battalions of Japanese troops occupied the city. Vientiane is the largest city with an area of 3,920km and the most populous in Laos with a population of 562,244. 900-1300 AD - Most of Laos is subordinate to the Khmer Empire at Angkor. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}18N 105E / 18N 105E / 18; 105. Zaisan Memorial,Ulan Bator,Mongolia. The capital of Laos is Vientiane. Recognised asylum seekers were given resettlement opportunities, while the remaining refugees were to be repatriated under guarantee of safety. [84] Following threats of forcible removal by the Thai government, the United States, in a significant victory for the Hmong, agreed to accept 15,000 of the refugees in 2003. The first bullet train to serve the high-speed Laos-China railway sits in a rail station in the Lao capital Vientiane, Oct. 16, 2021. Amongst them, 100,000 Hmongs30% of the entire Hmong populationand 90% of all of Lao intellectuals, specialists, and officials. Vientiane, Laos - Jul 29, 1998: Tuk-tuk and Patuxai Triumphal arch in Lane Xang Avenue. Gently cut cilantro resting atop a raging furnace of flavor. [155] Government expenditure on health is about four percent of GDP,[155] about US$18 (PPP) in 2006. Laos, landlocked country of northeast-central mainland Southeast Asia. In 1893, the three territories came under a French protectorate and were united to form what is now known as Laos. But around the 11th and 12th centuries, the Lao and Thai came from Southern China and overtook the area. Laos is divided into 17 provinces (khoueng) and one prefecture (kampheng nakhon), which includes the capital city Vientiane (Nakhon Louang Viangchan). Energy Efficiency Retrofitting of Buildings Challenges and Methods", Diller, Anthony; Edmondson, Jerry; Luo, Yongxian (2004). A Chinese firm's plans to build a 100-meter-high Buddha statue in low-lying Vientiane encapsulate China's outsized . [155] The National University of Laos is the Lao state's public university. Other terms are Khmu, Khamu (Kammu) or Kha as the Lao Loum refer to them to indicate their Austroasiatic language affiliation. [135] The European Council on Trade and Tourism awarded the country the "World Best Tourist Destination" designation for 2013 for architecture and history.[136]. Additionally, many elite and French-educated Lao immigrated to nations such as the United States and France to escape government persecution. Cities []. Pr-histria. Laos is a landlocked country located in the Indochinese Peninsula. The stated policy objectives of both the Lao government and international donors remain focused upon achieving sustainable economic growth and poverty reduction. In 2017, the country sent a team for the first time to the team events at the Southeast Asian Games. Modern-day Laos has its roots in the ancient Lao kingdom of Lan Xang, established in the 14th century under King FA NGUM. At the heart of the Indochinese Peninsula, Laos is bordered by Myanmar and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the southeast, and Thailand to the west and southwest. [13] After a period of internal conflict, Lan Xang broke into three separate kingdoms: Luang Phrabang, Vientiane and Champasak. Located on the banks of the Mekong River, Vientiane is a city steeped in legend and history. Metallurgy is an important industry, and the government hopes to attract foreign investment to develop the substantial deposits of coal, gold, bauxite, tin, copper, and other valuable metals. [96][97] In The Economist's Democracy Index 2016 Laos was classified as an "authoritarian regime", ranking lowest of the nine ASEAN nations included in the study. Updated on November 19, 2021. Laos is thus the 22nd biggest country in Asia and in terms of area ranked 84th worldwide. Theravada Buddhism is a dominant influence in Lao culture. Bounchao Pichit, "Laos Cinema," in David Hanan, ed., General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, Politburo of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, Central Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, "Results of Population and Housing Census 2015", "Lao People's Democratic Republic's Constitution of 1991 with Amendments through 2003", https://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2012/12/globalReligion-tables.pdf, "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2022", "Lao People's Democratic Republic and the WTO", "China train project runs roughshod over Laos", "Laos approves Xayaburi 'mega' dam on Mekong", "Laos Securities Exchange to start trading", "10 Things You Need to Know Before Visiting Laos", "Anatomically modern human in Southeast Asia (Laos) by 46 ka", "Archaeological Investigations in northern Laos: New contributions to Southeast Asian prehistory", "History and Practice of Archaeology in Laos", Pittayaporn, Pittayawat (2014). [145], In the central and southern mountains, Mon-Khmer-speaking groups, known as Lao Theung or mid-slope Laotians, predominate. [75], Some Hmong groups fought as CIA-backed units on the royalist side in the Laotian Civil War. The Patuxay was built in the heart of Lao capital during the 1950s and 1960s to commemorate martyrs who fought..View article. However, villages far from major roads can be reached only through unpaved roads that may not be accessible year-round. [14] It is a one-party socialist republic, espousing MarxismLeninism and governed by the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, under which non-governmental organisations have routinely characterised the country's human rights record as poor, citing repeated abuses such as torture, restrictions on civil liberties and persecution of minorities. [43] As late as 1945, the French drew up an ambitious plan to move massive Vietnamese population to three key areas, i.e., the Vientiane Plain, Savannakhet region, and the Bolaven Plateau, which was only derailed by the Japanese invasion of Indochina. Capital: Vientiane. Today, French has a healthier status in Laos than the other Francophone nations of Asia and about 35% of all students in Laos receive their education in French, with the language being a required course in many schools. [citation needed], On 2 December 1975, after taking control of the country, the Pathet Lao government under Kaysone Phomvihane renamed the country as the Lao People's Democratic Republic and signed agreements giving Vietnam the right to station armed forces and to appoint advisers to assist in overseeing the country. AFP. [12] Its capital and largest city is Vientiane. [179] Only 3.5% of women and 2.1% of men between the ages of 1549 were in a polygamous union as of 2017. [9] Durante o quarto milnio a.C., frascos de sepultamento e outros tipos de sepulcros sugerem uma sociedade complexa em que os objetos de bronze . [139]:8 Electricity is available to 93% of the population. Gunderson, Steve (18 May 1996) "State Department Outlines Resettlement Guidelines for Hmong Refugees". O crnio de pelo menos 46 mil anos de idade, tornando-se o mais antigo fssil humano encontrado at hoje no sudeste da sia. [83] Around 5,000 Hmong people who were not resettled at the time of the camp closures sought asylum at Wat Tham Krabok, a Buddhist monastery in central Thailand where more than 10,000 Hmong refugees had already been living. [133], The tourism sector has grown rapidly, from 80,000 international visitors in 1990, to 1.876million in 2010,[134] when tourism had been expected to rise to US$1.5857billion by 2020. What Is the Capital of Laos? All newspapers are published by the government, including two foreign language papers: the English-language daily Vientiane Times and the French-language weekly Le Rnovateur. Between 20,000 and 62,000 Laotians died during the civil war. Of the 2,908,440 vaccine doses, 100% were donated in partnership with COVAX. A new province, Xaisomboun province , was established on 13 December 2013. [47], The foreign relations of Laos after the takeover by the Pathet Lao in December 1975 were characterised by a hostile posture toward the West, with the government of the Lao PDR aligning itself with the Soviet Bloc, maintaining close ties with the Soviet Union and depending heavily on the Soviets for most of its foreign assistance. The proto-historic period is characterised by contact with Chinese and Indian civilisations. Laos has nine daily newspapers, 90 magazines, 43 radio stations, and 32 TV stations operating throughout the country. 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